M41T94 datasheet(24/41 Pages) STMICROELECTRONICS

24 / 41 page

Clock operations

M41T94

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Therefore, each calibration step has the effect of adding 512 or subtracting 256 oscillator

cycles for every 125,829,120 actual oscillator cycles, that is +4.068 or –2.034 ppm of

adjustment per calibration step in the calibration register. Assuming that the oscillator is

running at exactly 32,768 Hz, each of the 31 increments in the calibration byte would

represent +10.7 or –5.35 seconds per month which corresponds to a total range of +5.5 or

–2.75 minutes per month.

Two methods are available for ascertaining how much calibration a given M41T94 may

require.

The first involves setting the clock, letting it run for a month and comparing it to a known

accurate reference and recording deviation over a fixed period of time. Calibration values,

including the number of seconds lost or gained in a given period, can be found in application

note AN934: TIMEKEEPER® calibration. This allows the designer to give the end user the

ability to calibrate the clock as the environment requires, even if the final product is

packaged in a non-user serviceable enclosure. The designer could provide a simple utility

that accesses the calibration byte.

The second approach is better suited to a manufacturing environment, and involves the use

of the IRQ/FT/OUT pin. The pin will toggle at 512 Hz, when the stop bit (ST, D7 of 1h) is '0,'

the frequency test bit (FT, D6 of 8h) is '1,' the alarm flag enable bit (AFE, D7 of Ah) is '0,' and

the watchdog steering bit (WDS, D7 of 9h) is '1' or the watchdog register (9h = 0) is reset.

Any deviation from 512 Hz indicates the degree and direction of oscillator frequency shift at

the test temperature. For example, a reading of 512.010124 Hz would indicate a +20 ppm

oscillator frequency error, requiring a –10 (XX001010) to be loaded into the calibration byte

for correction.

Note:

Setting or changing the calibration byte does not affect the frequency test output frequency.

The IRQ/FT/OUT pin is an open drain output which requires a pull-up resistor for proper

operation. A 500 to 10 k

Ω resistor is recommended in order to control the rise time. The FT

bit is cleared on power-down.

M41T94 Datenblatt(PDF) 24 Page - STMicroelectronics