ATmega32A datasheet(25/352 Pages) ATMEL

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8155B–AVR–07/09

ATmega32A

System Clock and Clock Options

8.1

Clock Systems and their Distribution

Figure 8-1 presents the principal clock systems in the AVR and their distribution. All of the clocks

need not be active at a given time. In order to reduce power consumption, the clocks to modules

not being used can be halted by using different sleep modes, as described in “Power Manage-

ment and Sleep Modes” on page 33. The clock systems are detailed Figure 8-1.

Figure 8-1.

Clock Distribution

8.1.1

CPU Clock – clk

CPU

The CPU clock is routed to parts of the system concerned with operation of the AVR core.

Examples of such modules are the General Purpose Register File, the Status Register and the

data memory holding the Stack Pointer. Halting the CPU clock inhibits the core from performing

general operations and calculations.

8.1.2

I/O Clock – clk

I/O

The I/O clock is used by the majority of the I/O modules, like Timer/Counters, SPI, and USART.

The I/O clock is also used by the External Interrupt module, but note that some external inter-

rupts are detected by asynchronous logic, allowing such interrupts to be detected even if the I/O

clock is halted. Also note that address recognition in the TWI module is carried out asynchro-

nously when clk

I/O is halted, enabling TWI address reception in all sleep modes.

General I/O

Modules

Asynchronous

Timer/Counter

ADC

CPU Core

RAM

clk

I/O

clk

ASY

AVR Clock

Control Unit

clk

CPU

Flash and

EEPROM

clk

FLASH

clk

ADC

Source Clock

Watchdog Timer

Watchdog

Oscillator

Reset Logic

Clock

Multiplexer

Watchdog Clock

Calibrated RC

Oscillator

Timer/Counter

Oscillator

Crystal

Oscillator

Low-frequency

Crystal Oscillator

External RC

Oscillator

External Clock

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