ATmega328P datasheet(28/448 Pages) ATMEL

28 / 448 page

8161D–AVR–10/09

ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P

selectable delays are shown in Table 8-2. The frequency of the Watchdog Oscillator is voltage

dependent as shown in ”Typical Characteristics” on page 326.

Main purpose of the delay is to keep the AVR in reset until it is supplied with minimum V

CC. The

delay will not monitor the actual voltage and it will be required to select a delay longer than the

CC rise time. If this is not possible, an internal or external Brown-Out Detection circuit should be

used. A BOD circuit will ensure sufficient V

CC before it releases the reset, and the time-out delay

can be disabled. Disabling the time-out delay without utilizing a Brown-Out Detection circuit is

not recommended.

The oscillator is required to oscillate for a minimum number of cycles before the clock is consid-

ered stable. An internal ripple counter monitors the oscillator output clock, and keeps the internal

reset active for a given number of clock cycles. The reset is then released and the device will

start to execute. The recommended oscillator start-up time is dependent on the clock type, and

varies from 6 cycles for an externally applied clock to 32K cycles for a low frequency crystal.

The start-up sequence for the clock includes both the time-out delay and the start-up time when

the device starts up from reset. When starting up from Power-save or Power-down mode, V

CC is

assumed to be at a sufficient level and only the start-up time is included.

8.3

Low Power Crystal Oscillator

Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be

configured for use as an On-chip Oscillator, as shown in Figure 8-2 on page 29. Either a quartz

crystal or a ceramic resonator may be used.

This Crystal Oscillator is a low power oscillator, with reduced voltage swing on the XTAL2 out-

put. It gives the lowest power consumption, but is not capable of driving other clock inputs, and

may be more susceptible to noise in noisy environments. In these cases, refer to the ”Full Swing

Crystal Oscillator” on page 30.

C1 and C2 should always be equal for both crystals and resonators. The optimal value of the

capacitors depends on the crystal or resonator in use, the amount of stray capacitance, and the

electromagnetic noise of the environment. Some initial guidelines for choosing capacitors for

use with crystals are given in Table 8-3 on page 29. For ceramic resonators, the capacitor val-

ues given by the manufacturer should be used.

Table 8-2.

Number of Watchdog Oscillator Cycles

Typ Time-out (V

CC = 5.0V)

Typ Time-out (V

CC = 3.0V)

Number of Cycles

0 ms

4.1 ms

4.3 ms

512

65 ms

69 ms

8K (8,192)

ATmega328P Datenblatt(PDF) 28 Page - ATMEL Corporation

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