PIC16F570 datasheet(7/134 Pages) MICROCHIP

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 2012-2014 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS40001652C-page 7

PIC16F527

3.0

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

The high performance of the PIC16F527 device can

be attributed to a number of architectural features

commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin

with, the PIC16F527 device uses a Harvard

architecture in which program and data are accessed

on separate buses. This improves bandwidth over

traditional von Neumann architectures where program

and data are fetched on the same bus. Separating

program and data memory further allows instructions

to be sized differently than the 8-bit wide data word.

Instruction opcodes are 12 bits wide, making it

possible to have all single-word instructions. A 12-bit

wide program memory access bus fetches a 12-bit

instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline

overlaps fetch

and

execution

instructions.

Consequently, all instructions execute in a single

cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz, 1

s @ 4 MHz) except for

program branches.

Table 3-1 below lists memory supported by the

PIC16F527 device.

TABLE 3-1:

PIC16F527 MEMORY

The PIC16F527 device can directly or indirectly

address its register files and data memory. All Special

Function Registers (SFR), including the PC, are

mapped in the data memory. The PIC16F527 device

has a highly orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set

that makes it possible to carry out any operation, on

any register, using any Addressing mode. This sym-

metrical nature and lack of “special optimal situations”

make programming with the PIC16F527 device simple,

yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced

significantly.

The PIC16F527 device contains an 8-bit ALU and

working register. The ALU is a general purpose arith-

metic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions

between data in the working register and any register

file.

The ALU is eight bits wide and capable of addition, sub-

traction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise

mentioned, arithmetic operations are two’s comple-

ment in nature. In two-operand instructions, one

operand is typically the W (working) register. The other

operand is either a file register or an immediate

constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is

either the W register or a file register.

The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU

operations. It is not an addressable register.

Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may

affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC) and

Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits

operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit,

respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBWF and ADDWF

instructions for examples.

A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-2, with

the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-2.

Device

Program

Memory

Data Memory

Flash

(words)

SRAM

(bytes)

Flash

(bytes)

PIC16F527

1024

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